A group of tests for early detection of cancer
Cancer markers are not diagnostic in themselves. A definitive diagnosis of cancer can be made by looking at biopsy specimens under a microscope, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), or smear examination of discharge (Pap smear). However, cancer markers provide information that can be used in monitoring treatment, helping in diagnosis, staging, and determining prognosis and recurrences.
Warning symptoms to investigate thoroughly
- Change in bladder or bowel habits
- A sore that does not heal
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Thickening or lump in breast or anywhere
- Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
- Obvious change in wart or mole
- Nagging cough or hoarseness
Symptoms that need thorough investigation
The warning signs listed above should be investigated thoroughly as they may possibly reflect malignant change in the body. Recurrent pain, recurrent unexplained fever, steady weight loss and appearance of bleeding from orifices are other typical presentations that must be examined and explained.
Importance of cancer markers
Cancer markers are not diagnostic by themselves. Definitive diagnosis of most cancers is based on biopsy, FNAC or smear examination. Markers help with monitoring treatment, supporting diagnosis, staging, prognosis and detecting recurrence. The following cancer markers are available with us.
Cancer markers available
| Cancer Marker | Cancer | Sex | Importance / Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| AFP | Liver, germ cell cancer of ovaries or testes | Both | Diagnostic, monitoring / recurrence |
| PSA Total & Free | Prostate | Male | Diagnostic, monitoring / recurrence |
| CA-125 | Ovarian | Female | Diagnostic, monitoring / recurrence |
| CA-19.9 | Pancreatic, colorectal & bile ducts | Both | Staging / monitoring / recurrence |
| CEA | Colorectal, breast, thyroid, liver, pancreatic, cervix & bladder | Both | Monitoring / recurrence |
| CA-15.3 | Breast cancer, lung & ovarian | Female | Staging / monitoring / recurrence |
How to prepare & what to expect
- Cancer marker tests should be advised and interpreted by your physician in clinical context.
- Abnormal marker results do not confirm cancer by themselves and usually need further evaluation.
- Contact our front office to book selected markers or discuss the right panel for your needs.